![]() ![]() Rhetoric was a major component of these studies and many people learned from other ancient Greek and Roman texts. ![]() The Latin school called studia humanitatis sought to educate in five major disciplines, namely grammar, history, poetry, moral philosophy, and rhetoric. This especially pertained to the tenets of Scholasticism, which was the dominant methodology for learning from around 1100 CE to 1600 CE.ĭuring the 14 th and 15 th centuries, more people became educated in humanist ideals. For Petrarch, humanist ideals were about developing a better culture and society with morally guided human beings who able to go beyond illiteracy and the confines of the preceding Middle Ages. Portrait of Petrarch (16th century) by Giorgio Visari Sailko, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commonsįurthermore, Petrarch’s involvement in these new ideals also allowed other religious figures to involve themselves in it, which bridged a gap, so to say, between religion and the humanists’ ideals. This may have gone against what the church believed of man, who was said to be in need of God’s mercy. He believed that God gave humans these abilities to live a virtuous life. Although he was a Catholic and religious man, he also believed in man’s inherent abilities and greatness. Petrarch was known as the “Father of Humanism” because of his contribution to this new way of perceiving man in relation to God. It is also important to note that these ideas were discovered in many other Classical texts and not just from the ideas of Cicero alone. In fact, it set the foundation for the Italian Renaissance and the return to the Classical era’s values and virtues. It is no doubt that the depth of knowledge and wisdom that came from Cicero’s works and ideas sparked new insights in Petrarch when he found these Classical texts. 1472-1476) by Justus van Gent and Pedro Berruguete Justus van Gent, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons He was also regarded as an authority on the Latin language. Many described him as “eloquent” and on par with “eloquence”. He extensively explored disciplines within the humanities in his writing, from philosophy, prose, rhetoric, and politics. ![]() Also known as Petrarch, he founded various lost manuscripts and documents written by the Roman philosopher, lawyer, poet, orator, writer, scholar, and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero.Ĭicero was an influential figure during the Roman period because of his intricate understanding and application of the Latin language. The concept, which was really a cultural movement, started during the Renaissance, and some scholars like Voigt believed it to have started with the poet and scholar Francesco Petrarca. These were in the form of humanista, which is Italian for “humanist” and the studia humanitatis, which is Italian for “humanistic studies”. ![]() It is also important to understand that during the Italian Renaissance, the word pertaining to the concept of “humanism” (as studied by Voigt) existed. He explored the entire Italian culture and was considered one of the pioneers in the discipline of art history as well as cultural history. The other scholar was Jacob Burckhardt, whose research on the Italian Renaissance had a wider scope than his counterpart Voigt. He started describing this movement and philosophical thought as “humanism”. He also wrote the theoretical text, Die Wiederbelebung des classischen Alterthums: Oder, das erste Jahrhundert des Humanismus (“Revival of Classical Antiquity or the First Century of Humanism”) in 1859, which explored the first century of the development of this term and idea. Georg Voigt, a German writer and historian, was one of these scholars. Two important scholars are worth noting, both of whom influenced the reception of the term and historically researched it as a “movement” during the Renaissance art era. This is when the term “Humanism” originated. Historical Background: What Is Renaissance Humanism?īefore we go all the way back to when Humanism started, let us first jump to the 19 th Century. 5.3 What Were the Characteristics of Renaissance Humanism?.5.2 What Is the Humanism Art Definition?.2.1 The “Vitruvian Triad” and the “Vitruvian Man”.1.2 The Other “Forefathers” of Humanism.1 Historical Background: What Is Renaissance Humanism?. ![]()
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